Mossberg 500 vs. 590: Which Shotgun Reigns Supreme?

Choosing the right shotgun can be a daunting task, especially when faced with two incredibly popular and reliable options like the Mossberg 500 and the Mossberg 590. Both have earned reputations as dependable workhorses for home defense, hunting, and recreational shooting. But what exactly differentiates these two shotguns, and which one is the better choice for you? This in-depth comparison will explore the nuances of the Mossberg 500 and 590, examining their features, advantages, and disadvantages to help you make an informed decision.

We’ll delve into the subtle but significant differences in their design, capacity, and intended uses. By the end of this article, you’ll possess a comprehensive understanding of both platforms, empowering you to select the shotgun that best aligns with your specific needs and preferences. This isn’t just a spec sheet comparison; we’ll also explore practical considerations based on common use cases and expert opinions.

Understanding the Mossberg Legacy: 500 and 590 Origins

The Mossberg 500 series has been a staple in the shotgun market since its introduction in 1961. Its widespread popularity stems from its reliability, affordability, and modular design. The Model 500 quickly became a favorite among hunters, sport shooters, and law enforcement agencies alike. Over the decades, it has been produced in countless configurations, chambered in various gauges, and adapted to suit a wide range of applications. Its enduring success is a testament to its robust design and versatility.

Building upon the foundation of the 500, the Mossberg 590 emerged as a dedicated tactical and military shotgun. While sharing many similarities with its predecessor, the 590 incorporates features specifically tailored for demanding environments and high-stress situations. It entered the market later, solidifying Mossberg’s commitment to providing specialized solutions for diverse shooting needs. Its development reflected a growing demand for shotguns optimized for self-defense and law enforcement applications.

The core principle behind both models is a simple yet effective pump-action mechanism, known for its reliability and ease of operation. This system allows for rapid follow-up shots and provides a tactile connection between the shooter and the firearm. This manual action minimizes the reliance on complex gas systems or recoil mechanisms, contributing to the shotguns’ overall durability and dependability.

Key Distinctions: Where the 500 and 590 Diverge

While the Mossberg 500 and 590 share a common heritage, several key differences set them apart. These distinctions primarily revolve around magazine capacity, barrel configuration, and intended use.

Magazine Tube Design and Capacity

The most notable difference lies in the magazine tube design. The Mossberg 500 typically features a magazine tube that is closed at the end, requiring the barrel to be removed for disassembly and cleaning. The magazine capacity varies depending on the model, ranging from 5 to 8 rounds. The 500’s design is more geared toward hunting and recreational shooting, where higher capacity isn’t always a primary concern.

In contrast, the Mossberg 590 boasts an open-ended magazine tube, allowing for easier cleaning and maintenance. More importantly, many 590 models feature extended magazine tubes, significantly increasing capacity. The 590 is often found with 8+1 capacity, making it more suitable for tactical applications and home defense where a higher volume of firepower is advantageous.

Barrel Length and Configuration

Barrel length is another differentiating factor. The Mossberg 500 is available with a wider variety of barrel lengths, catering to different shooting disciplines. You’ll find shorter barrels for home defense and longer barrels for hunting birds or clays. The interchangeable barrel system is a key advantage of the 500, allowing you to adapt the shotgun to various roles.

The Mossberg 590 generally comes with shorter, more tactical barrel lengths, typically around 18.5 to 20 inches. These shorter barrels enhance maneuverability in close quarters, making the 590 ideal for home defense and law enforcement use. While interchangeable barrels are available for the 590, the focus remains on tactical configurations.

Construction and Durability

While both shotguns are built to withstand rigorous use, the Mossberg 590 often incorporates heavier-duty components. Some 590 models feature a thicker barrel profile and a metal trigger guard, enhancing overall durability. These upgrades are designed to withstand the stresses of high-volume shooting and demanding tactical environments. The 500, while still robust, is generally built with lighter components to reduce weight and cost.

A Closer Look: Feature-by-Feature Comparison

Let’s delve into a more detailed comparison of the key features of the Mossberg 500 and 590:

Action: Both utilize the reliable and simple pump-action mechanism.
Safety: Both feature a top-mounted ambidextrous safety, easily accessible for both right- and left-handed shooters.
Receiver: Both have aluminum alloy receivers, contributing to their manageable weight.
Trigger: Both typically have a standard trigger pull, though aftermarket upgrades are readily available.
Sights: Both can be equipped with various sighting options, including bead sights, ghost ring sights, and optics.
Stock: Both offer a wide range of stock options, from traditional wood stocks to adjustable synthetic stocks.
Forend: Both feature a pump-action forend, available in various materials and designs.

The similarities highlight the shared DNA of these two shotguns. However, the subtle differences in magazine capacity, barrel length, and construction ultimately dictate their suitability for specific applications.

Mossberg 590A1: The Heavy-Duty Variant

It’s important to mention the Mossberg 590A1, a specific variant of the 590 designed to meet military specifications. The 590A1 boasts even more robust features, including a heavy-walled barrel, metal trigger guard, and a Parkerized finish for enhanced corrosion resistance. This model is built to withstand the harshest conditions and is often the preferred choice for law enforcement and military personnel.

The 590A1 represents the pinnacle of the 590 series, offering unmatched durability and reliability. However, its increased weight and cost may not be necessary for all users. For civilian applications, the standard 590 often provides an adequate balance of performance and value.

Advantages of the Mossberg 500: Versatility and Affordability

The Mossberg 500 shines in its versatility and affordability. Its wide range of configurations and barrel options make it suitable for various shooting activities, from hunting small game to defending your home. Here are some key advantages:

Versatile Barrel Options: Easily switch between different barrel lengths and chokes to adapt to various hunting and shooting scenarios.
Affordable Price Point: Generally more affordable than the 590, making it an excellent entry-level shotgun.
Lightweight Design: Its lighter weight makes it easier to carry and maneuver, especially for extended periods.
Wide Availability: Readily available at most gun stores, with a vast selection of aftermarket parts and accessories.
Proven Reliability: Decades of proven performance and a strong reputation for dependability.

The Mossberg 500 is an excellent choice for those seeking a versatile and affordable shotgun that can handle a wide range of tasks. Its modular design and extensive aftermarket support make it a highly customizable platform.

Advantages of the Mossberg 590: Tactical Prowess and Capacity

The Mossberg 590 excels in tactical applications and home defense. Its higher capacity and robust construction make it a formidable choice for those prioritizing firepower and reliability in high-stress situations. Key advantages include:

Higher Magazine Capacity: Offers increased firepower compared to the standard 500, providing a crucial advantage in defensive scenarios.
Durable Construction: Built with heavier-duty components for enhanced reliability and longevity.
Tactical Design: Shorter barrel and tactical features optimize maneuverability in close quarters.
Easy Maintenance: Open-ended magazine tube allows for easier cleaning and maintenance.
Ideal for Home Defense: Designed specifically for defensive applications, providing peace of mind and confidence.

The Mossberg 590 is a purpose-built tactical shotgun that prioritizes firepower, reliability, and ease of use in high-pressure situations. It’s an excellent choice for those seeking a dedicated home defense weapon or a shotgun for law enforcement or military applications.

Real-World Scenarios: Choosing the Right Tool for the Job

To further illustrate the differences between the Mossberg 500 and 590, let’s consider some real-world scenarios:

Home Defense: For home defense, the 590’s higher capacity and shorter barrel offer a distinct advantage. The increased firepower and maneuverability in tight spaces make it a more effective defensive weapon.
Hunting: For hunting, the 500’s versatility and wide range of barrel options make it a better choice. You can easily switch between different barrel lengths and chokes to adapt to various game species and hunting environments.
Sport Shooting: For sport shooting, such as trap or skeet, the 500 with a longer barrel is generally preferred. The longer barrel provides a smoother swing and improved accuracy.
Tactical Training: For tactical training, the 590’s robust construction and tactical features make it a more suitable option. It can withstand the rigors of high-volume shooting and demanding training exercises.
General Purpose: For a general-purpose shotgun that can handle a variety of tasks, the 500 is an excellent choice. Its versatility and affordability make it a practical option for those seeking a do-it-all shotgun.

Expert Opinion: What Professionals Say

Firearms instructors and law enforcement professionals often recommend the Mossberg 590 for its reliability and tactical advantages in defensive situations. The higher capacity and durable construction are key factors in their endorsement. However, they also acknowledge the versatility of the Mossberg 500 for hunting and recreational shooting. The choice ultimately depends on the intended use and the shooter’s individual preferences.

The Verdict: Selecting the Optimal Shotgun for Your Needs

Ultimately, the decision between the Mossberg 500 and 590 hinges on your specific needs and priorities. If you prioritize versatility, affordability, and a wide range of barrel options, the Mossberg 500 is an excellent choice. If you prioritize higher capacity, tactical features, and robust construction for home defense or tactical applications, the Mossberg 590 is the superior option.

Both shotguns are reliable, well-built, and capable of performing admirably in their intended roles. Consider your primary use case, budget, and personal preferences when making your decision. Whichever you choose, you’ll be acquiring a dependable and effective firearm that will serve you well for years to come. And remember to always practice safe gun handling and adhere to all applicable laws and regulations.