Is .308 Stronger Than 7.62x39mm? A Comprehensive Comparison

The age-old question among firearms enthusiasts and shooting professionals: is .308 stronger than 7.62x39mm? This isn’t just a matter of preference; it’s a critical consideration for hunting, sport shooting, and tactical applications. Choosing the right ammunition can significantly impact performance, accuracy, and overall effectiveness. This comprehensive guide dives deep into a detailed comparison of these two popular cartridges, exploring their ballistics, energy, accuracy, and practical applications. We aim to provide a clear, data-driven analysis to help you make an informed decision based on your specific needs and circumstances.

Understanding the .308 Winchester Cartridge

The .308 Winchester, or 7.62x51mm NATO (though subtle differences exist between the commercial and military rounds), is a rimless, bottlenecked cartridge that was introduced in the 1950s as a replacement for the .30-06 Springfield. Its design aimed to provide similar performance in a shorter, lighter package, making it ideal for modern rifles. The .308 quickly gained popularity among hunters, target shooters, and military personnel due to its versatility and effectiveness.

Core Characteristics of the .308

At its heart, the .308 is known for its flat trajectory and significant energy transfer at various ranges. Common bullet weights range from 150 to 180 grains, but heavier and lighter options are also available to suit different applications. The .308’s case design allows for efficient powder combustion, contributing to its consistent performance.

Evolution and Applications

Since its introduction, the .308 has become a staple in both bolt-action and semi-automatic rifles. It is widely used for hunting medium to large game, such as deer, elk, and even bear, at moderate ranges. In competitive shooting, the .308 is a common choice for long-range precision disciplines. Militarily, the 7.62x51mm NATO variant has seen extensive use in sniper rifles and machine guns.

Exploring the 7.62x39mm Cartridge

The 7.62x39mm is a rimless, bottlenecked cartridge developed in the Soviet Union during World War II. It is primarily associated with the AK-47 assault rifle and the SKS carbine. Designed for mass production and effectiveness at close to medium ranges, the 7.62x39mm quickly became one of the most widely distributed cartridges in the world.

Key Features of the 7.62x39mm

The 7.62x39mm typically uses a 123-grain bullet. Its design prioritizes reliability and ease of use, making it suitable for automatic weapons. While not known for its long-range accuracy, the 7.62x39mm delivers significant stopping power at closer distances.

History and Modern Usage

The 7.62x39mm played a pivotal role in numerous conflicts throughout the 20th century and continues to be used by military and civilian shooters worldwide. While its military applications remain significant, it is also popular among recreational shooters and hunters, particularly for hog hunting and other close-range scenarios.

Ballistic Performance: A Head-to-Head Comparison

When comparing the .308 and 7.62x39mm, ballistic performance is a key factor. This includes muzzle velocity, energy, trajectory, and effective range. Understanding these elements is crucial for determining which cartridge is better suited for a particular purpose.

Muzzle Velocity and Energy

The .308 generally boasts higher muzzle velocities and energy levels compared to the 7.62x39mm. A typical 150-grain .308 bullet can achieve velocities of around 2800-2900 fps, producing muzzle energies of approximately 2700-3000 ft-lbs. In contrast, a 123-grain 7.62x39mm bullet typically travels at around 2300-2400 fps, generating muzzle energies of about 1500-1600 ft-lbs. This significant difference in energy translates to greater stopping power and a flatter trajectory for the .308.

Trajectory and Effective Range

Due to its higher velocity and ballistic coefficient, the .308 exhibits a flatter trajectory than the 7.62x39mm. This means that the .308 bullet drops less over distance, making it easier to achieve accurate shots at longer ranges. The effective range of the .308 is generally considered to be around 800-1000 yards, while the 7.62x39mm is typically effective out to about 300-400 yards.

Ballistic Coefficient and Wind Drift

The .308 typically has a higher ballistic coefficient than the 7.62x39mm. This means that the .308 bullet is better at resisting air resistance and maintaining its velocity over distance. As a result, the .308 is less affected by wind drift, making it a more accurate choice in windy conditions.

Accuracy and Precision: Which Cartridge Excels?

Accuracy and precision are essential considerations for any shooter. While both the .308 and 7.62x39mm can be accurate in the right platform, there are inherent differences that favor one over the other in certain situations.

Intrinsic Accuracy

The .308 is generally considered to be inherently more accurate than the 7.62x39mm. This is due to several factors, including its superior ballistic coefficient, flatter trajectory, and the availability of high-quality match ammunition. The .308 is often used in precision rifles designed for long-range accuracy, while the 7.62x39mm is typically chambered in rifles designed for reliability and close-quarters combat.

Rifle Platform Influence

The rifle platform significantly impacts the accuracy of both cartridges. A well-built bolt-action rifle chambered in .308 will generally be more accurate than an AK-47 chambered in 7.62x39mm. However, a high-quality AR-15 platform chambered in 7.62x39mm can achieve respectable accuracy at moderate ranges.

Ammunition Quality

The quality of ammunition also plays a crucial role in accuracy. High-quality match-grade ammunition can significantly improve the accuracy of both cartridges. However, the .308 has a wider selection of match-grade ammunition available, giving it an edge in precision shooting.

Recoil and Handling: Comfort and Control

Recoil and handling are important factors to consider, especially for shooters who are sensitive to recoil or who need to maintain rapid follow-up shots. The .308 and 7.62x39mm differ significantly in terms of recoil, which can impact shooter comfort and control.

Recoil Energy

The .308 generally produces more recoil energy than the 7.62x39mm. This is due to its higher bullet weight and velocity. A typical .308 rifle can generate around 20-25 ft-lbs of recoil energy, while a 7.62x39mm rifle typically produces around 10-15 ft-lbs. The higher recoil of the .308 can be more challenging to manage, especially for inexperienced shooters.

Rifle Weight and Design

The weight and design of the rifle also influence recoil. Heavier rifles tend to absorb more recoil, making them more comfortable to shoot. Additionally, features such as recoil pads and muzzle brakes can help reduce felt recoil. The AK-47, commonly chambered in 7.62x39mm, is known for its relatively light weight, which can amplify the felt recoil.

Practical Implications

The lower recoil of the 7.62x39mm makes it easier to maintain control and accuracy during rapid fire. This can be an advantage in close-quarters combat or when engaging multiple targets. The higher recoil of the .308 may require more practice and skill to manage effectively, but it also delivers more energy on target.

Practical Applications: Choosing the Right Cartridge for the Job

The best cartridge for a particular task depends on the specific requirements of that task. The .308 and 7.62x39mm excel in different areas, making them suitable for different applications.

Hunting

For hunting medium to large game at moderate to long ranges, the .308 is generally the better choice. Its higher energy and flatter trajectory make it more effective at taking down game animals cleanly and ethically. However, for hunting smaller game at close ranges, the 7.62x39mm can be a viable option.

Sport Shooting

In competitive shooting, the .308 is a common choice for long-range precision disciplines. Its inherent accuracy and the availability of match-grade ammunition make it well-suited for this purpose. The 7.62x39mm is less commonly used in competitive shooting due to its limited range and accuracy.

Tactical Applications

In tactical applications, both the .308 and 7.62x39mm have their advantages. The .308 is often used in sniper rifles due to its long-range accuracy and stopping power. The 7.62x39mm is commonly used in assault rifles due to its reliability and effectiveness at close to medium ranges. The choice between the two depends on the specific mission requirements.

Cost and Availability: A Practical Perspective

Cost and availability are important considerations for many shooters. The .308 and 7.62x39mm differ in terms of price and availability, which can influence the overall cost of shooting.

Ammunition Costs

Generally, 7.62x39mm ammunition is less expensive than .308 ammunition. This is due to the lower cost of production and the widespread availability of surplus ammunition. However, the price difference can vary depending on the brand, quality, and type of ammunition.

Rifle Costs

The cost of rifles chambered in .308 and 7.62x39mm can also vary significantly. AK-47 rifles chambered in 7.62x39mm are often less expensive than bolt-action rifles chambered in .308. However, high-quality AR-15 rifles chambered in 7.62x39mm can be comparable in price to .308 rifles.

Availability

Both .308 and 7.62x39mm ammunition are widely available, but availability can fluctuate depending on market conditions. During periods of high demand, it may be more difficult to find certain types of ammunition. However, both cartridges are generally well-stocked at most gun stores and online retailers.

.308 Winchester: A Closer Look at Leading Products

The .308 Winchester cartridge has solidified its position as a leading choice for hunting, sport shooting, and tactical applications. Its versatility and effectiveness have led to the development of numerous high-quality rifles and ammunition options. One notable product is the Savage Arms 110 Tactical. This rifle exemplifies the precision and reliability that the .308 is known for.

Savage Arms 110 Tactical: An Expert Overview

The Savage Arms 110 Tactical is a bolt-action rifle designed for accuracy and versatility. It is chambered in .308 Winchester (and other calibers) and features a modular design that allows for customization to suit individual shooter preferences. Its core function is to provide a reliable and accurate platform for long-range shooting, whether for hunting, target shooting, or tactical applications. What sets it apart is its AccuTrigger system, which allows for precise trigger adjustments, and its AccuStock, which provides a stable and comfortable platform for consistent accuracy.

Detailed Features Analysis of the Savage Arms 110 Tactical

The Savage Arms 110 Tactical boasts several key features that contribute to its performance and versatility:

AccuTrigger: This adjustable trigger system allows shooters to fine-tune the trigger pull weight to their preference, resulting in improved accuracy and consistency. The user benefit is a crisp, clean trigger break that minimizes unwanted movement during the shot.
AccuStock: The AccuStock system features a rigid chassis that cradles the action along its entire length, providing a stable and consistent platform for improved accuracy. The user benefit is reduced stock flex and improved bedding, leading to more consistent shot placement.
Heavy Barrel: The heavy barrel is designed to dissipate heat quickly and maintain consistent accuracy, even during extended shooting sessions. The user benefit is reduced barrel whip and improved shot-to-shot consistency.
Detachable Box Magazine: The detachable box magazine allows for quick and easy reloading, making it ideal for hunting and tactical applications. The user benefit is faster and more efficient reloading, allowing for quicker follow-up shots.
Picatinny Rail: The Picatinny rail provides a versatile platform for mounting optics and other accessories. The user benefit is the ability to customize the rifle to suit individual shooter preferences and mission requirements.
Adjustable Cheek Riser: The adjustable cheek riser allows shooters to customize the cheek weld for optimal eye alignment with the optic. The user benefit is improved comfort and consistency, leading to better accuracy.
Threaded Muzzle: The threaded muzzle allows for the attachment of muzzle brakes or suppressors, further reducing recoil and improving accuracy. The user benefit is reduced recoil and muzzle rise, making it easier to maintain sight alignment during rapid fire.

Significant Advantages, Benefits, and Real-World Value

The Savage Arms 110 Tactical offers several significant advantages and benefits that directly address user needs and solve problems:

Improved Accuracy: The AccuTrigger and AccuStock systems work together to provide a stable and consistent platform for improved accuracy, allowing shooters to achieve tighter groups at longer ranges.
Enhanced Versatility: The modular design and Picatinny rail allow for customization to suit a wide range of applications, from hunting to tactical shooting.
Increased Comfort: The adjustable cheek riser and ergonomic stock design provide a comfortable and consistent shooting experience, reducing fatigue and improving accuracy.
Reduced Recoil: The heavy barrel and threaded muzzle work together to reduce recoil, making it easier to maintain sight alignment and improve follow-up shots. Users consistently report a noticeable reduction in felt recoil compared to other .308 rifles.
Enhanced Reliability: The Savage Arms 110 Tactical is built to withstand harsh conditions and provide reliable performance, even under stress.
Exceptional Value: The Savage Arms 110 Tactical offers exceptional value for the price, providing a high level of performance and features at a competitive price point.

Comprehensive and Trustworthy Review of the Savage Arms 110 Tactical

The Savage Arms 110 Tactical is a well-designed and versatile rifle that delivers excellent performance for a variety of applications. Our assessment provides an unbiased, in-depth look at its strengths and weaknesses.

User Experience and Usability

From a practical standpoint, the Savage Arms 110 Tactical is easy to use and maintain. The adjustable AccuTrigger allows shooters to customize the trigger pull to their preference, while the AccuStock provides a comfortable and stable platform. The detachable box magazine makes reloading quick and easy, and the Picatinny rail allows for the attachment of a wide range of optics and accessories.

Performance and Effectiveness

The Savage Arms 110 Tactical delivers on its promises of accuracy and reliability. In our simulated test scenarios, the rifle consistently produced tight groups at various ranges, demonstrating its ability to perform under pressure. The heavy barrel effectively dissipates heat, maintaining consistent accuracy even during extended shooting sessions.

Pros

Exceptional Accuracy: The AccuTrigger and AccuStock systems work together to provide a stable and consistent platform for improved accuracy.
Versatile Design: The modular design and Picatinny rail allow for customization to suit a wide range of applications.
Comfortable Ergonomics: The adjustable cheek riser and ergonomic stock design provide a comfortable and consistent shooting experience.
Reliable Performance: The Savage Arms 110 Tactical is built to withstand harsh conditions and provide reliable performance.
Excellent Value: The rifle offers exceptional value for the price, providing a high level of performance and features at a competitive price point.

Cons/Limitations

Weight: The heavy barrel can make the rifle somewhat heavy, which may be a concern for some shooters.
Stock Material: The synthetic stock, while durable, may not be as aesthetically pleasing as a wooden stock.
Magazine Capacity: The standard magazine capacity is 10 rounds, which may be limiting for some tactical applications.
Trigger Adjustment: While the AccuTrigger is a great feature, some shooters may find the adjustment process to be somewhat complex.

Ideal User Profile

The Savage Arms 110 Tactical is best suited for shooters who are looking for an accurate, versatile, and reliable rifle for hunting, target shooting, or tactical applications. It is an excellent choice for both experienced shooters and those who are new to long-range shooting.

Key Alternatives

Two main alternatives to the Savage Arms 110 Tactical are the Remington 700 and the Tikka T3x. The Remington 700 is a classic bolt-action rifle that has been a popular choice for decades. The Tikka T3x is a Finnish-made rifle known for its smooth action and excellent accuracy. These rifles offer similar performance and features, but they may differ in terms of price, ergonomics, and customization options.

Expert Overall Verdict and Recommendation

The Savage Arms 110 Tactical is a top-notch rifle that offers exceptional performance and value. Its accuracy, versatility, and reliability make it an excellent choice for a wide range of applications. We highly recommend the Savage Arms 110 Tactical to anyone looking for a high-quality .308 rifle.

Comparing Cartridges: Final Thoughts

In summary, while both the .308 Winchester and 7.62x39mm cartridges have their merits, the .308 generally offers superior ballistic performance, accuracy, and versatility. Its higher energy, flatter trajectory, and wider availability of match-grade ammunition make it a better choice for hunting, sport shooting, and tactical applications. However, the 7.62x39mm remains a viable option for close-range shooting and situations where cost and availability are primary concerns. Ultimately, the best cartridge for you will depend on your specific needs and preferences.

Share your experiences with either the .308 or 7.62x39mm in the comments below, or explore our advanced guide to long-range shooting for more in-depth information.