17 WSM vs. 17 HMR: Unveiling the Rimfire Kings

Choosing the right rimfire cartridge can be a daunting task, especially when considering the popular .17 Winchester Super Magnum (WSM) and .17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (HMR). Both offer flat trajectories and impressive accuracy, making them favorites for varmint hunting and target shooting. But which one reigns supreme? This comprehensive guide delves deep into the nuances of each cartridge, comparing their performance, ballistics, cost, and applications to help you make an informed decision. We’ll explore the core differences, providing an expert analysis rooted in practical considerations for shooters of all levels.

Understanding the .17 WSM and .17 HMR: A Deep Dive

The .17 WSM and .17 HMR represent significant advancements in rimfire technology, each designed to deliver enhanced performance compared to traditional cartridges like the .22 LR. However, their origins, designs, and intended uses differ substantially.

.17 Winchester Super Magnum (.17 WSM)

The .17 WSM is the newer of the two, introduced by Winchester in 2012. It’s based on a .27 caliber nail gun blank, necked down to accept a .17 caliber bullet. This unconventional parent case allows the .17 WSM to achieve significantly higher velocities than the .17 HMR. This design allows it to push a 20-grain bullet to around 3,000 feet per second, resulting in a flatter trajectory and greater energy downrange. The .17 WSM was engineered to be a high-performance rimfire round, primarily aimed at varmint hunters seeking extended range and increased stopping power. Ammunition is typically loaded with 20 or 25 grain bullets.

.17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (.17 HMR)

The .17 HMR, developed by Hornady in 2002, is based on the .22 WMR (Winchester Magnum Rimfire) case, necked down to accept a .17 caliber bullet. This gave it a substantial boost in velocity and trajectory over the .22 WMR. The .17 HMR quickly gained popularity due to its flat trajectory, accuracy, and relatively low recoil. It became a favorite for small game hunting, target shooting, and varmint control at moderate ranges. Common bullet weights are 17 and 20 grains.

Core Differences at a Glance

• Case Design: .17 WSM uses a .27 caliber nail gun blank; .17 HMR uses a necked-down .22 WMR case.
• Velocity: .17 WSM boasts significantly higher velocities (around 3,000 fps) compared to .17 HMR (around 2,550 fps).
• Energy: .17 WSM delivers more energy downrange due to its higher velocity and heavier bullet options.
• Range: .17 WSM offers a flatter trajectory and longer effective range.
• Cost: .17 HMR ammunition is generally more affordable and widely available.

Ballistic Performance: Trajectory, Velocity, and Energy

When comparing the .17 WSM and .17 HMR, ballistic performance is a key differentiator. The .17 WSM’s higher velocity translates to a flatter trajectory and greater energy retention at longer distances.

Trajectory Comparison

The .17 WSM exhibits a noticeably flatter trajectory than the .17 HMR. This means less bullet drop at longer ranges, making it easier to achieve accurate shots without significant holdover. For example, a .17 WSM sighted in at 100 yards might only drop a few inches at 200 yards, whereas a .17 HMR could drop significantly more. This difference becomes crucial when shooting at small targets or in windy conditions.

Velocity and Energy Retention

The .17 WSM’s higher initial velocity gives it a significant advantage in energy retention. While the .17 HMR starts with a respectable velocity, it sheds speed more quickly than the .17 WSM. This means the .17 WSM will deliver more impact energy at longer ranges, resulting in more ethical and effective kills on varmints. Based on expert consensus, the .17 WSM retains a useful amount of energy out to 200 yards, while the .17 HMR is typically considered most effective within 150 yards.

Practical Implications

For varmint hunters engaging targets at distances beyond 150 yards, the .17 WSM provides a clear advantage. Its flatter trajectory and higher energy retention make it a more forgiving and effective cartridge. However, for shorter-range applications, the .17 HMR remains a viable option, offering a balance of accuracy, affordability, and manageable recoil.

Rifle Selection and Availability

The availability of rifles chambered in .17 WSM and .17 HMR is another important factor to consider. While both cartridges are supported by a variety of manufacturers, the .17 HMR enjoys a wider selection of rifles across different price points.

.17 HMR Rifle Options

The .17 HMR has been around longer, resulting in a greater variety of rifles available. You can find .17 HMR rifles from manufacturers like Savage, Ruger, CZ, and Marlin, in various configurations, including bolt-action, semi-automatic, and even lever-action. This widespread availability makes it easier to find a rifle that suits your budget and shooting preferences.

.17 WSM Rifle Options

The .17 WSM rifle market is less saturated, but still offers quality options. Savage was one of the first to chamber rifles in .17 WSM, and they continue to offer models known for their accuracy and value. Other manufacturers, such as Franklin Armory, have also entered the .17 WSM market, offering AR-style rifles chambered in this potent rimfire round. However, the overall selection remains smaller compared to the .17 HMR.

Finding the Right Fit

When choosing a rifle, consider factors such as action type, barrel length, stock material, and overall weight. Bolt-action rifles are generally known for their accuracy, while semi-automatic rifles offer faster follow-up shots. Your intended use will heavily influence your rifle selection.

Ammunition Cost and Availability

Ammunition cost and availability are crucial considerations for any shooter. The .17 HMR generally holds a significant advantage in this area, being more affordable and widely available than the .17 WSM.

.17 HMR Ammunition

.17 HMR ammunition is readily available from most major ammunition manufacturers, including Hornady, CCI, and Federal. The price per round is typically lower than .17 WSM, making it a more economical choice for high-volume shooting. You can find .17 HMR ammunition at most sporting goods stores and online retailers.

.17 WSM Ammunition

.17 WSM ammunition, while becoming more common, is still less prevalent than .17 HMR. Winchester is the primary manufacturer of .17 WSM ammunition, with limited offerings from other brands. The price per round is generally higher than .17 HMR, reflecting the cartridge’s more complex design and lower production volume. Availability can also be more limited, especially during periods of high demand. Our extensive testing shows that .17 WSM ammo can sometimes be harder to find in local stores, requiring online orders.

Cost-Effectiveness

For shooters on a budget or those who plan to shoot frequently, the .17 HMR offers a more cost-effective solution. However, if long-range performance and increased stopping power are paramount, the higher cost of .17 WSM ammunition may be justified.

Real-World Applications and Use Cases

Both the .17 WSM and .17 HMR excel in various shooting applications, but their strengths lie in different areas. Understanding their real-world applications can help you determine which cartridge is best suited for your needs.

Varmint Hunting

Both cartridges are popular choices for varmint hunting, but the .17 WSM provides a distinct advantage at longer ranges. Its flatter trajectory and higher energy make it more effective on larger varmints like prairie dogs, groundhogs, and coyotes. The .17 HMR is well-suited for smaller varmints like squirrels and rabbits at closer distances.

Target Shooting

The .17 HMR is a popular choice for target shooting due to its accuracy, low recoil, and affordability. It’s an excellent option for practicing marksmanship and honing your shooting skills. The .17 WSM can also be used for target shooting, but its higher cost per round may make it less appealing for high-volume practice.

Small Game Hunting

The .17 HMR is a suitable option for small game hunting, particularly for animals like rabbits and squirrels. Its flat trajectory and accuracy make it easier to place precise shots. However, the .17 WSM may be overkill for smaller game, as its higher velocity and energy can cause excessive damage to the meat.

Self-Defense Considerations

While rimfire cartridges are generally not considered ideal for self-defense, the .17 WSM offers slightly more stopping power than the .17 HMR. However, both cartridges are significantly less effective than centerfire handgun or rifle rounds for self-defense purposes.

Pros and Cons: A Head-to-Head Comparison

To further clarify the differences between the .17 WSM and .17 HMR, let’s examine their respective pros and cons.

.17 Winchester Super Magnum (.17 WSM)

Pros:

• Flatter Trajectory: Reduces bullet drop at longer ranges, improving accuracy.
• Higher Velocity: Delivers more energy downrange, enhancing stopping power.
• Longer Effective Range: Extends the range at which ethical and effective shots can be made.
• Greater Energy Retention: Maintains velocity and energy better than .17 HMR at longer distances.
• Suitable for Larger Varmints: More effective on larger varmints like coyotes and groundhogs.

Cons:

• Higher Ammunition Cost: More expensive to shoot than .17 HMR.
• Limited Ammunition Availability: Less readily available than .17 HMR ammunition.
• Fewer Rifle Options: Smaller selection of rifles chambered in .17 WSM.
• Louder Report: Produces a louder report than .17 HMR.

.17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire (.17 HMR)

Pros:

• Lower Ammunition Cost: More affordable to shoot than .17 WSM.
• Wider Ammunition Availability: Readily available from most major ammunition manufacturers.
• Greater Rifle Selection: Larger selection of rifles across different price points.
• Lower Recoil: More manageable recoil, especially for new shooters.
• Suitable for Small Game: Effective on small game like rabbits and squirrels.

Cons:

• Shorter Effective Range: Less effective at longer ranges compared to .17 WSM.
• Lower Velocity: Delivers less energy downrange than .17 WSM.
• More Bullet Drop: Exhibits more bullet drop at longer ranges, requiring more holdover.
• Less Effective on Larger Varmints: May lack the stopping power needed for larger varmints.

Making the Right Choice for Your Needs

Ultimately, the choice between the .17 WSM and .17 HMR depends on your individual needs and priorities. If you prioritize long-range performance, flatter trajectory, and increased stopping power for varmint hunting, the .17 WSM is the clear winner. However, if you’re looking for a more affordable, readily available, and versatile cartridge for target shooting, small game hunting, and shorter-range varmint control, the .17 HMR remains an excellent choice. Consider your primary shooting applications, budget, and rifle preferences to make the most informed decision.

Expert Insights and Future Trends

The world of rimfire cartridges is constantly evolving, with manufacturers continually striving to improve performance and accuracy. While the .17 WSM and .17 HMR have established themselves as leaders in their respective niches, ongoing research and development may lead to even more advanced rimfire options in the future. Leading experts in .17 caliber rimfire cartridges suggest that future advancements may focus on improving bullet designs, increasing ballistic coefficients, and enhancing ammunition consistency. As technology advances, we can expect to see even greater accuracy and performance from these already impressive rimfire cartridges.

No matter your choice, the .17 WSM and .17 HMR offer distinct advantages for shooters. Share your experiences with these rimfire rounds in the comments below!